Summary Environmental Management Plans
Summary environmental management plans (SEMP) have been written for the ceramics, metalsmithing & jewelry, painting, photography, printmaking, and sculpture departments. Each SEMP is designed to be a guide for instructors, students and technicians on the environmental regulations that apply to each department. Additional information pertaining to environmental compliance is available in MECA&D’s Environmental Management Plan, which is located in the Facilities office.
Hazardous waste determinations have been done for all departments which identify waste streams and correct disposal methods. The plan also identifies the responsibilities (associated with environmental compliance) of the department’s technician, who is referred to as the department’s environmental coordinator. Environmental coordinators in these six departments assist the facilities director in overseeing each department’s operations to ensure they are in compliance with local, state and federal environmental regulations. Each department’s environmental coordinator relies on the students and instructors of each class to follow the guidelines listed in each SEMP. By following these guidelines, each department will maintain compliance with these regulations.
Chemical Spills
There are two types of spills, an “incidental spill” or one requiring an “emergency response.” An “incidental spill” is defined as a spill where a person is knowledgeable with the material and the amount spilled is small and easily cleaned up with materials in the spill kit. The type of response and necessary precautions that should be taken for an “incidental spill” is reviewed with each student during the annual hazard communication training, which explains the types of spills that can be or should not be handled by students. Students should notify the instructor or department technician when a spill occurs to find out how to dispose of the spilled chemical and clean up debris.
If the student is in doubt as to the classification of a spill, they should notify the instructor, technician or facilities director immediately. Always err on the side of caution. Students should never place themselves in harm’s way.
All other spills are considered to require an “emergency response.” “Emergency response” spills are releases of chemicals of such magnitude and risk that they are considered out of control and extend beyond the current training of the students, college personnel or facilities director to respond to effectively. They may also be spills that are released down a drain. All emergency spills should be immediately reported to the instructor, department technician or Facilities Director.
Guidelines for All Studios
- There is no eating and drinking in the studios. Violations may jeopardize a student’s use of studio space.
- Do not expose food or beverages to art materials, or use containers for both food and art material storage.
- Keep your area/studio clean. Studios are to be kept in good order. Solvent, flammable and corrosive material containers are to be kept covered at all times and stored in appropriate cabinets or lockers when not in use.
- All materials must be labeled and stored safely.
- All waste solvents and other waste chemicals are to be disposed according to the department’s SEMP.
- Rags contaminated with chemicals are to be thrown away only in the designated rag disposal containers provided.
- Do not mix chemical waste with trash.
- Never pour chemicals down the drain!
- Label chemicals properly. Any chemical that has been transferred from its manufacturer’s container must be labeled using an HMIS label with the name of the material and the appropriate hazard warnings. Department technicians can provide labels and assist you in filling in the information. If you cannot immediately obtain an HMIS label, a temporary label may be made using a felt tip pen or marker.
- Use proper ventilation. This is not only for your protection but to protect the air quality of those around you. If you are not sure what constitutes proper ventilation in any given situation, ask your faculty or a member of facilities.
- Use approved materials only. The use of any chemical/industrial materials not supplied by the college is prohibited unless prior approval has been obtained from your instructor(s) or the departmental EC.
- Ask for help. Be sure to check with the technician or instructor if you are unsure of any procedure. Immediately report any problem or unsafe condition to the technician or instructor.
- Be sure to follow all guidelines for using personal protective equipment such as eye protection, earplugs, etc. for the studio you are working in.
Ceramics
Some clay dusts and glazes are toxic. Dusts such as silica and talc are listed as carcinogens and can cause disabling, lung-scarring and sometimes fatal diseases. Some glazes also contain toxic metal compounds. Symptoms may take years to develop and may promote susceptibility to other diseases. During kiln ring, toxic fumes and gases are produced. These can include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and chlorine released from the clay or glazes. All gas or electric kilns are located in well-ventilated areas. Safety in the ceramics studio consists of avoiding exposure to dangerous chemicals, dust and safety around kilns and moving parts. Because everyone’s body is unique, even officially tolerable levels of a material may be intolerable for you. Pay attention to the early signals your body sends: if you develop a rash, nausea or dizziness, stop what you are doing and take a break. See the chart of hazardous compounds at the back of the studio safety guide for more information.
Safety Rules for the Ceramics Area
- Keep work areas clean. Cluttered areas invite accidents.
- Clean up wet glaze spills before they dry.
- Avoid procedures that produce dust. Keep materials wet. Work with pre-mixed clay (when possible).
- Wear proper apparel such as coveralls or a jumpsuit over your regular clothing.
- Do not wear loose clothing, rings, bracelets etc. that can get caught in moving parts (such as a potter’s wheel). Non-slip footwear is recommended.
- Protect your face and eyes. Use goggles during mixing, chipping and grinding.
- Rubber gloves must be worn when mixing or using glazes in the glaze lab.
- Only the procedures outlined in the departmental SEMP are to be used to mix glazes. These have been designed for your health and safety, and to comply with USEPA and MEDEP regulations.
- Electrically ground all equipment. If equipment has a three-prong plug, it should be plugged into a three-slot receptacle. If an adapter is used to accommodate a two-slot receptacle, the adapter must be attached to the receptacle’s faceplate. Never remove the third prong of a plug.
- Use the process ventilator in the glaze lab and clay mixing areas. Always ensure that the space you are working in is well ventilated.
- Materials and belongings must be stored above floor level so that all floors can be regularly and thoroughly cleaned.
- No dry sweeping is allowed in the ceramics area. Wet mopping or wet vacuuming is the only way to clean floors.
- No eating, drinking or smoking is allowed in the ceramic areas.
- Learn about the chemistry of the materials with which you are working by reading labels, charts and the material safety data sheets (MSDS).
Personal Safety Around Kilns
- Loose clothing and hair can easily catch fire.
- Use only the specifically designated kilns for raku firing or other processes that generate visible smoke. This will prevent false fire alarms.
- Assume anything on or around a kiln is hot.
- Keep your face and hands back from spy ports.
- Be careful looking into a yellow-hot kiln. The radiation may damage your eyes and even some types of glasses. Ultraviolet and infrared rated safety glasses are a good idea for everyone, and they make the parametric cones easier to see.
- If you are exposed to excessive heat for long periods, leave the kiln studio every so often, drink lots of liquids and eat a bit of high-energy food.
- A kiln with a reduction atmosphere produces some carbon monoxide.
- If you start to feel dizzy, get out of the kiln room and seek medical help immediately.
- Alcohol, drugs and medication impair control of the ring and clear thinking in case of a problem or emergency.
- All participants in raku firings must wear fire-resistant clothing.
Kiln Safety
- Check the structural condition of the kiln before any firing. Report any problems to the instructor or technician.
- Clean the kiln before and after the firing.
- Make sure the stacking of ware is stable and level.
- Do not leave combustible materials anywhere near the kilns.
- Only students who have been authorized by an instructor may sign up for and fire kilns.
- Never touch controls or make adjustments to kilns that you are not firing.
- Exhaust fans must be turned on during all firings.
- Kiln shelves and stilts must be returned to proper storage.
- Goggles must be worn when chipping and washing kiln shelves. Use process ventilation.
Graphic Design and Digital Media
Hazards in graphic design and digital media are primarily the result of long hours at a computer terminal. Studies show that repetitive motion (like typing, using a mouse, etc.) can cause physical disorders like carpal tunnel syndrome, etc. Additionally, long hours at the computer also cause problems with posture, etc. Tests are not conclusive about the long-term exposure to monitors, etc., but if your eyes or anything else gets sore the best plan is to take a break!
Safety Rules for Graphic Design and Digital Media
- Keep your work area clean: cluttered areas and benches invite accidents.
- Use toxic materials like spray mount or spray fixative only in a designated spray-booth in the Porteous building.
- Check your workstation and be sure that it is ergonomically correct—your shoulders should not be hunched up while working on a keyboard, your back should be straight and your head in a comfortable position.
- Take time every half-hour or so to do some basic arm, hand, shoulder and neck stretches.
Care & Operation of Equipment
- Do not spill liquids, etc. on or near any of the computer terminals.
- If something is not working let the technology support staff know right away.
- Follow instructions posted near machines for proper steps to turn equipment on or off.
- When in doubt ask someone in technology or your faculty.
Metalsmithing & Jewelry
Metalsmithing, jewelry and enameling use a broad range of processes and materials, which can be potentially harmful. For example, cutting, ling, and sanding can create dusts; soldering, brazing, enameling, and melting metal create toxic fumes. The infrared light from these processes can also be a threat to vision. Repetitive hammering required for metalsmithing can be a serious threat to hearing, as well as the potential cause of repetitive motion disorders. Corrosives for cleaning, etching, and patination must be handled with extreme caution.
Safety in the metals studio consists of understanding and respecting the machines, avoiding dangerous materials and processes, and protecting oneself from invasion by particles, fumes or sharp objects. Because everyone’s body is unique, even of officially tolerable levels of a material may be intolerable for you. Pay attention to the early signals your body sends: if you have a dry mouth, an odd taste, a rash, nausea or dizziness, stop what you are doing and take a break. See the chart of hazardous compounds at the back of the studio safety guide for more information.
Safety rules for Metals
- Keep your work area clean: cluttered areas and benches invite accidents.
- Do not work by yourself. Have someone else with you at all times in the studio or shop.
- Wear proper apparel. Do not wear loose clothing, gloves, necklaces, rings, bracelets or other jewelry that may get caught in moving parts.
- Bare feet are not allowed in anystudio or shop. Sandals, open-toe shoes, or high heels should not be worn. Non-slip safety shoes are recommended.
- All hair longer than shoulder length must be tied back and away from the face at all times.
- Always use safety glasses.
- No machines or tools should be used prior to instruction from faculty member.
- A dust mask must be worn whenever grinding, sanding, cutting or for any activity that produces particulate matter. Use proper ventilation where toxic fumes may be generated.
- Use hearing protection when around loud machinery or processes.
- Do not work or operate tools while under the influence of drugs, alcohol, or medication.
- Don’t use power tools in damp or wet locations or expose them to rain. Keep your work area well lit.
- Keep children and visitors out of work areas.
- Report any problems with tools immediately to the faculty or technician. Do not repair tools or replace blades, bits, etc., unless you have been authorized and trained by the faculty or technician.
- Make your workshop tamper-proof (and childproof at home) with padlocks, master switches, and by removing starter keys.
- Return all tools to designated storerooms or tool rooms.
Care & Operation of Equipment:
- Do not operate any tools or equipment without prior instruction from faculty or technicians.
- Use the right tool. Don’t force a tool or attachment to do a job for which it was not designed.
- Read the instruction manual before operating a tool.
- Electrically ground all tools where required. If a tool is equipped with a three-prong plug, it should be plugged into a three-slot electrical receptacle.
- Remove adjusting keys and wrenches before operating equipment. They can become lethal projectiles.
- Maintain tools in top condition. Keep tools sharp and clean for safe performance.
- Follow instructions for lubricating and changing accessories.
- Avoid accidental starting. Make sure switch is in the “off” position before plugging in the power cord. Do not use equipment that is tagged or labeled as inoperative or under repair.
- Never stand on a tool. Serious injury may occur if the tool is tipped or if the cutting edge is accidentally contacted.
- Feed work into a blade or cutter only against the direction of rotation of the blade or cutter.
- Secure your work. Use clamps or a vise to hold your work. This is safer than using your hand and leaves both hands free to operate the tool.
- Don’t overreach. Keep proper footing and balance at all times.
- Never leave a tool running unattended. Turn off the power. Don’t leave a tool until it comes to a complete stop.
- Disconnect tools before servicing or when changing accessories such as blades, bits, t-cutters, or while a motor is being mounted or repaired.
Painting
There are significant health hazards connected with the use of pigments as well as the use of chemical thinners, solvents, etc. Even ready-to-use paints can be dangerous to handle and precautions need to be taken. Safety in the painting studio consists of avoiding exposure to dangerous chemicals and processes and maintaining good housekeeping. Every attempt should be made to properly discard combustibles, such as newspapers, paper, trash, solvent-contaminated rags, etc. Combustibles in the presence of flammable solvents and paints can result in personal injury. Because everyone’s body is unique, even of officially tolerable levels of a material may be intolerable for you. Pay attention to the early signals your body sends: if you develop a rash, nausea or dizziness, stop what you are doing and take a break. See the chart of hazardous compounds at the back of the studio safety guide for more information.
Safety Rules for Painting Studios
- Use gloves when handling varnishes, lacquers, thinners and epoxy resins.
- Disposable latex gloves are good for working with paints of low toxicity. Highly toxic paints (such as those containing chromium, lead, cadmium and zinc) should be used with caution, adequate personal protection, and under circumstances approved by the instructor.
- Spray paints and fixatives are to be used only in designated spray booths, and with proper ventilation.
- No heaters, hot plates, or open flames of any kind are allowed in the studios.
- No melting of waxes of any kind.
- No storage of flammable materials such as: hay, newspaper, oily rags, etc.
- No pastels or chalks may be used in any elective classroom. Pastels may only be used in major’s studios while wearing a dust mask, and only with the express permission of the major instructor and with the consent of the students working nearby.
- Odorless paint thinner or odorless mineral spirits are the only solvents that may be used to thin paint or to clean painting materials. Other solvents such as ‘Citrisolve’, ‘Turpenoid’, turpentine, lacquer thinner and plain (not odorless) mineral spirits are not allowed in any studio.
- The largest container of odorless mineral spirits allowed in 2D studios is 1 pint.
- All unused solvent or medium containers must be made of plastic or metal, clearly labeled as to exact content, and stored in a container with a tightly closing top. All paint and solvent containers should be tightly closed when not being used. Unlabeled or improper containers may be removed by the EC.
- Use the smallest amount possible of any solvent.
- Do not use solvents to clean your hands. Wear barrier cream or gloves when working and follow this with soap and water. Use solvent resistant gloves wherever possible.
- Use the mildest solvent that will do the job for thinning paints and cleaning brushes.
- For example, baby oil or mineral oil may be used to clean brushes. Higher-flashpoint solvents such as Gamsol or odorless mineral spirits are good choices of solvents.
- Carefully washing your hands after using these materials is crucial to ensuring that hazardous materials connected with them are not inhaled or accidentally ingested.
- No sinks may be used to dispose of painting wastes. Solvent or media waste is to be disposed of in marked drums only.
- No painting rags or trash is permitted to accumulate in the studio space. This presents a life/health/safety issue to yourself as well as others and in addition is a violation of federal, state, and local laws that can result in financial penalties to the college and or shutdown of the department until, violations are corrected. Criminal charges can be brought, particularly in cases of willful negligence.
- No breakable glass containers may be used to store solvents or mediums.
- Cover all palettes that contain paint unless you are using them.
- Always make sure that there is ample ventilation.
- Leave at least 18’ from the bottom of curtains to the floor.
- Most solvents are flammable – be sure that you are familiar with the location of your studio re-extinguisher. All re-extinguishers are mounted and identified with signs.
Photography
Prolonged and repeated exposures to photographic chemicals, as with any chemical sub-stance, can lead to chronic health problems. Many of the chemicals used in photographic processing can cause severe skin problems, and in some cases, lung disease. The greatest hazard occurs during the preparation and handling of concentrated stock solutions and chemicals. Developers are highly toxic and are taken in by ingestion and absorption. Remember, not all chemicals have distinctive odors or emit a readily detectable vapor. Safety in the photography darkroom and studio consists of avoiding exposure to dangerous chemicals and practicing safety around equipment. Because everyone’s body is unique, even of officially tolerable levels of a material may be intolerable for you. Pay attention to the early signals your body sends: if you develop a rash, nausea or dizziness, stop what you are doing and take a break. See the chart of hazardous compounds at the back of the studio safety guide for more information.
Safety Rules for the Photography Darkrooms
- Use common sense. Pace yourself when working in the darkroom. Take frequent outside rest periods so that intense, prolonged exposure to any potentially toxic materials is reduced.
- Protect yourself from chemical absorption through the skin. Never put your hands into photographic chemicals unless you are wearing the appropriate gloves.
- Do not splash chemicals. Splashing is a common cause of eye contamination. Gently place prints into each solution to prevent splashing.
- Wipe up all spills immediately to prevent people from slipping and falling and to prevent chemical exposures by inhalation.
- If you are mixing chemicals from powders or liquid concentrates, or if you are toning, you must wear safety goggles. When mixing acids with water, always add the acid to water, never the reverse. When water is added to concentrated acids (such as glacial acetic acid used to mix a stop bath) a violent reaction may occur causing the mixture to boil and splatter about the room.
- If you do get chemicals in your eyes, flush them with a gentle, constant flow of water for at least fifteen (15) minutes. Report the accident immediately and seek medical attention as quickly as possible after flushing the eyes.
- Be sure that waste chemicals are discarded into the correct containers.
- It is mandatory that disposal information (posted on bulletin boards) and label instructions be followed exactly. Failure to follow instructions could result in a serious violation of state and federal environmental regulations. If you do not know exactly what to do, consult the technician before discarding any photographic waste.
- Wear an acid-proof apron when working in the studio. Protect your face, eyes and hands when any chemical is used.
- Process and mix only in approved spaces.
Photography studio safety:
- Never eat, drink or smoke in the studio.
- Do not overload individual electrical circuits.
- Secure the camera to a tripod.
- Avoid overcrowding the studio area with people or objects.
- Use appropriate heat resistant gloves when using studio lights.
- Keep all cables clear of foot traffic and gaff them down.
- Avoid long shoots using an excessive number of lights.
- Secure light stands and tripod legs with sandbags where needed.
- Never move a light while it is turned on.
- Be careful when moving freestanding lights, as they are top-heavy.
- Avoid lifting heavy equipment without assistance.
Safety Rules for Portable Lights:
- Do not use attachments that are not recommended by the equipment manufacturer.
- Do not use electrical or electronic equipment near water: for example, near a sink, or laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool, etc.
- Don’t place equipment on an unstable cart, stand, or table.
- Slots and openings in electronic equipment are provided for ventilation. These openings must not be blocked or covered. Do not place the equipment on a bed, sofa, rug, etc. or on or over a radiator or heat source.
- Never push objects of any kind into the equipment’s ventilation slots as they may touch dangerous voltage points or short out parts. This could result in re or electric shock.
- Never spill liquid of any kind on the equipment.
- The equipment should be operated only from the type of power source indicated on its label.
- Most equipment is equipped with a 3-wire grounding type plug (a plug having a third, grounding pin). This plug will only fit into a grounding type outlet. This is a safety feature. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the 3-wire plug by removing the grounding pin.
- Do not crush, or walk on, the equipment’s power cord. Do not locate equipment where the cord will be abused, such as in doorways or high traffic areas.
- Follow all warnings and instructions marked on the equipment. Do not overload wall outlets and extension cords as this can result in re or electric shock.
- Do not attempt to service the equipment yourself, as opening or removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage or other hazards.
- Unplug the equipment from the wall outlet and bring it to the technician immediately if it is not working properly.
- Do not attempt to lift heavy equipment by yourself.
- Turn the power switch off before plugging or unplugging a piece of equipment.
- Keep equipment off the ground, if possible, to prevent accidental tripping.
- Never eat or drink around equipment.
Printmaking
The various chemicals, solvents and inks used in printmaking processes can present various health hazards. For example, aromatic hydrocarbons and other lacquer solvents must be used with adequate ventilation. Inks (black and white) usually contain carbon black, which may cause skin cancer years later. Common toxic pigments may include chrome yellow (lead chromate), zinc yellow (zinc chromate), milori green (lead chromate), and cadmium colors. Most solvents used in printmaking are skin irritants. Commonly used powders including magnesium carbonate, citric acid powder, French chalk etc. May cause skin and/or respiratory problems. There may also be exposure to lacquer thinner, alcohol and acids. Although these materials are used in relatively small amounts they are potentially dangerous if used incorrectly. Hazards in silk-screening are minimized at MECA&D because only water-based inks are used. However, there are toxic materials contained in photo-emulsion and emulsion removers. Also, advanced silkscreen classes utilize photo chemicals such as developers, stop bath and fixers. (see the chart of hazardous compounds at the back of this safety guide for more particular information about working with or avoiding chemical compounds.) Safety in the printmaking studio consists of avoiding exposure to these various chemicals and processes. Because everyone’s body is unique, even of officially tolerable levels of a material may be intolerable for you. Pay attention to the early signals your body sends: if you develop a rash, nausea or dizziness, stop what you are doing and take a break. Remember, not all chemicals have distinctive odors or emit a readily detectable vapor. See the chart of hazardous compounds at the back of the studio safety guide for more information.
Safety Rules for Printmaking Studios:
- Use gloves when handling chemicals such as gum arabic, tannic plate etch, citric plate etches, cellulose gum, micro-gum prosol and image remover.
- Be careful when working with acid! Goggles, face-shields, aprons, and gloves should always be worn! One rule to always follow: always add acid to water, never the re- verse. (Treatment for exposure to acid is to flush clear water on the affected eyes, skin or clothing for a minimum of 15 minutes, followed immediately with medical attention by a doctor of a nurse.)
- Chemical powders are a hazard and may require the use of a dust mask. Be respectful of the breathing space of others when using these powders: keep them localized to the task.
- The lithography chemical, lacquer base, requires or application of plate or stone must be done at a designated process ventilation area.
- Trays in the acid hoods must be kept covered to prevent unneeded exposure to fumes and reduce evaporation.
- Spray paints and fixatives are to be used only in designated spray booths, and with proper ventilation.
- Carefully washing your hands after using these materials is crucial to ensuring that hazardous materials connected with them are not inhaled or accidentally ingested.
- Rags impregnated with ink or solvents may represent both a health and regulated hazard. Be sure they are discarded into the special reproof containers provided for this purpose.
- No storage of flammable materials such as: hay, newspaper, oily rags, etc. No rags or trash may be allowed to accumulate in studios. No breakable glass containers may be used to store solvents or mediums.
- All unused solvent or medium containers must be made of plastic or metal, clearly labeled as to exact contents, and stored in a container with a tightly closing top.
- Most solvents are flammable — be sure that you are familiar with the location of your studio re extinguisher. All fire extinguishers are mounted and identified with signs.
- Caution must be used in the operation of print equipment. For example, intaglio printing requires a great deal of pressure and it is necessary to operate the presses properly. Students must be alert and knowledgeable when operating print equipment and seek assistance when in doubt.
- The printmaking studio is only available to beginning students when there is a monitor present who is trained in the proper use of equipment. Always seek assistance when necessary.
Sculpture, Woodworking and Furniture Design
Sculpture employs a vast range of materials and processes, from more ‘traditional’ materials like plaster, wood, stone, steel and bronze to plastics, resins, found objects and non-traditional materials including foodstuffs, clothing, waste materials, etc. Therefore, it is particularly important that you consider the safety or toxicity of the materials you may be using before bringing them into your studio. Certain materials used in sculpture have toxic properties. The hazards of silica and asbestos are well documented, and these substances are found in some stones and clays. Some metals, when heated, give off fumes that can cause fevers, headaches and nausea. When in doubt about the safety of any material, check with your faculty immediately. Sculptors must be very thorough in considering potential hazards connected with materials. For example, even ready-to-use lead paints are dangerous to handle
and precautions need to be taken such as wearing rubber gloves. Safety in the sculpture studios and woodshop consists of avoiding exposure to dangerous chemicals, airborne debris and practicing safety around equipment. Because everyone’s body is unique, even officially tolerable levels of a material may be intolerable for you. Pay attention to the early signals your body sends: if you develop a rash, nausea or dizziness, stop what you are doing and take a break. See the chart of hazardous compounds at the back of the studio safety guide for more information; listed below are some broad categories of materials and general hazards related to each.
Acids/Patinas
One of the greatest hazards in bronze patina is the use of acid, which can cause severe skin burns. Eye damage from splashed acid can also be dangerous. One rule to always follow: always add acid to water, never the reverse. Treatment for exposure to acid is to flush clear water on the affected eyes, skin or clothing for a minimum of 15 minutes, followed immediately with medical attention by a doctor or nurse.
Chemicals/Solvents
Solvents are used to dissolve and mix oils, resins, and varnishes and to clean brushes, etc. Almost all solvents are poisonous if swallowed or inhaled in sufficient quantity. Similar properties exist among many different solvents. If one member of a class of solvents
is toxic, usually another safer solvent can be used. Remember: water is the preferred universal solvent. Solvent-saturated rags can also result in spontaneous combustion and must be air-dried (with good ventilation present) and not stored wet. Prior to using any solvent, review its MSDS, and read the precautions and warning labels on the container. Familiarize yourself with the side-effects that could result from long-term or short-term overexposure to the properties of that solvent. Wear proper gloves, eye protection and a respirator with the appropriate cartridge and always use paints, glues, etc. in a designated spray booth.
Dusts
Dusts such as silica, asbestos and talc are listed as carcinogens and can cause disabling, lung-scarring and even fatal disease. Dust is created during the carving of plaster, wood, stone, etc. and is also present during various mold-making processes such as lost-wax investment. Symptoms may take years to develop and may promote susceptibility to other diseases. Follow studio procedures and wear appropriate personal protection equipment, especially gloves, when working with clay and toxic materials.
Fibers
Most of the hazards with fiber come from dust. Cotton, flax and hemp dusts can
cause lung ailments years after exposure. Hazards in dyeing come from both the dyes and mordants, as well as from other dyeing assistants. Direct dyes for cotton, linen and rayon are often made from benzene-type derivatives. Fiber reactives or cold water dyes can cause severe respiratory allergies. Inhalation of these materials can also cause serious damage to the nasal passages and respiratory system. Using proper ventilation greatly reduces the risks. Properly storing materials after each use will eliminate the hazards connected with exposed or unattended raw ber materials.
Glass
When working with glass, your personal safety needs to be considered. Dust is also of significant concern when grinding, etc. Proper ventilation, sturdy gloves and safety glasses are essential.
Glue, Paint, and Finish
Gluing, painting and finishing may be part of the sculpture-making process and include possible exposure to solvents and chemicals. Wear proper gloves, eye protection and a respirator with the appropriate cartridge and always use paints, glues, etc. in a designated spray booth.
Metal and Casting
Both the materials and the environment for metalworking can be hazardous. Hazards include dusts formed while grinding or polishing, fumes from welding or soldering, or vapors from casting, plating or cleaning. Any abrasive process, such as grinding or using a wire brush, can produce airborne debris that can damage the eyes and lungs. Welding, brazing and soldering can produce lead and other metallic fumes. Polystyrene produces toxic smoke and fumes if used improperly during “lost wax” casting. Pickling solutions are caustic and most cleaning solvents are toxic to some degree. Additional hazards of metalworking arise from the use of a wide variety of tools and machinery, from simple hand tools to the overhead hoist, lathes, etc. Virtually every accident (or “close call”) is the result of inattention or improper use of the machinery and tools. Fire hazards are also present: propane gas cylinders are especially insidious because they are so common that it is easy to forget they contain flammable gas under pressure. Finally, in the casting process, metal is melted and poured into a suitable negative mold. The fumes of many of these metals and alloys are toxic. This is especially true of the lead found in brass and pewter. In addition, lead is sometimes added to molten bronze. Inhalation of these fumes can cause lead poisoning. The sand used in the shell-molding process has a high silica content and the dust should not be inhaled. In the lost wax process, the fire-resistant plaster or clay used as a negative mold contains many additives that are hazardous. These include solvents, acids and silica our, which can cause rapidly developing silicosis. A major concern in casting is exposure to intense heat. Safety glasses, welder’s helmets, high temperature clothing and similar specialized items are provided by the college and must be used where required by the instructor. It is highly recommended that each student purchase an approved pair of safety shoes.
Wax Fumes
When melted, wax emits organic vapors. In petroleum-based waxes this vapor can cause lung damage and asthma. This is less true for paraffin and beeswax, which tend to have less toxic organic vapors. Use a good respirator with cartridges for organic vapors.
Wood
Working with wood presents various hazards from issues of safety around machinery (table saws, etc), to toxic dusts and ying debris put off during sanding. Some woods themselves are highly toxic, especially exotic woods. Check with your faculty if you are uncertain and always wear proper protection and handle machinery with care.
Safety Rules for Sculpture & Woodshop
- Keep your work area and studio space clean and organized: cluttered areas invite accidents and violate federal, state, and local life/health/safety codes. Said violations may result in financial penalties and department shutdown until violations are corrected.
- Do not work by yourself. Have someone else with you at all times in the studio or shop.
- Wear proper apparel. Do not wear loose clothing, gloves, necklaces, rings, bracelets or other jewelry that may get caught in moving parts. Bare feet are not allowed in any studio or shop. Sandals, open-toe shoes, or high heels should not be worn. Non-slip safety shoes are recommended.
- Wear protective hair covering to contain long hair.
- Always use safety glasses.
- Use a dust mask if a cutting operation is dusty.
- Use proper ventilation where toxic fumes may be generated.
- Use hearing protection when around loud machinery or processes.
- Do not work or operate tools while under the influence of drugs, alcohol, or medication.
- Don’t use power tools in damp or wet locations or expose them to rain.
- Keep your work area well lighted.
- Keep children and visitors out of work areas.
- Report any problems with tools immediately to the faculty or technician. Do not repair tools or replace blades, bits, etc., unless you have been authorized and trained by the faculty or technician.
- Make your workshop tamper-proof (and childproof at home) with padlocks, master switches, and by removing starter keys.
- Return all tools to designated storerooms or tool rooms.
Care & Operation of Equipment
- Do not operate any tools or equipment without prior instruction from faculty or technicians.
- Use the right tool. Don’t force a tool or attachment to do a job for which it was not designed.
- Read the instruction manual before operating a tool.
- Electrically ground all tools where required. If a tool is equipped with a three-prong plug, it should be plugged into a three-slot electrical receptacle.
- Remove adjusting keys and wrenches before operating equipment. They can be-come lethal projectiles.
- Maintain tools in top condition. Keep tools sharp and clean for safe performance. Follow instructions for lubricating and changing accessories.
- Avoid accidental starting. Make sure switch is in the “off” position before plugging in the power cord. Do not use equipment that is tagged or labeled as inoperative or under repair.
- Never stand on a tool. Serious injury may occur if the tool is tipped or if the cutting edge is accidentally contacted.
- Feed work into a blade or cutter only against the direction of rotation of the blade or cutter.
- Secure your work. Use clamps or a vise to hold your work. This is safer than using your hand and leaves both hands free to operate the tool.
- Don’t overreach. Keep proper footing and balance at all times.
- Never leave a tool running unattended. Turn off the power. Don’t leave a tool until it comes to a complete stop.
- Disconnect tools before servicing or when changing accessories such as blades, bits, cutters, or while a motor is being mounted or repaired.
Chart of Hazardous Compounds
Acetone
Headache, drowsiness, irritation. This is one of the least toxic solvents. Precautions: adequate ventilation, extremely flammable.
Acetylene
Mild narcotic in small doses, large doses cut off oxygen. Precautions: use caution and check equipment for leaks.
Aerosol sprays
Fine mists containing possible toxic materials can travel long distances or remain suspended in the air for long periods before settling, commonly flammable and toxic. Precautions: spray booths must be used. Be sure to direct spray away from anyone’s breathing space. Store cans away from fire, at a temperature that does not exceed 120°f. Empty cans should be disposed of in the trash promptly. Use non-aerosol products if available.
Ammonia
Irritant to the eyes, caustic to lungs, serious when in strong solution. Precautions: use diluted soap and water.
Aqua Regia
Most caustic of all acids. Precautions: wear protective clothing. Store in a well marked loosely stoppered bottle.
Asbestos
Made up of fibers the body cannot dissolve. This product is a carcinogen whose effects can take 20-30 years to develop. Precautions: do not use! – use substitutes.
Benzene
Intoxication, coma, respiratory failure. Precautions: do not use: carcinogen; cumulative poison by all methods of entry; use an alternate solvent.
Cadmium
Affects brain, nervous system, lungs, kidneys. Precautions: avoid if possible and use only with strong ventilation.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Dissolves the fatty layer of the skin. Causes liver and kidney damage. Precautions: avoid if possible. Ventilate. Wear neoprene rubber gloves.
Copper oxides
Can irritate lungs, intestines, eyes and skin. Precautions: ventilate when heating copper alloys. Wear gloves when handling a lot.
Cyanides
Mists inhaled or falling on skin are poisonous. Precautions: ventilate well; wear protective clothing.
Fluorides
Can form hydrofluoric acid in the lungs. Precautions: ventilate, avoid breathing fumes.
Lead
Damages brain, central nervous system, red blood cells, marrow, liver, kidneys. Fumes are especially dangerous. Precautions: avoid if possible. Ventilate well, minimize handling and wash well after contact.
Ketones
Skin, eye and respiratory tract irritants. Can cause peripheral nerve damage. Precautions: ventilate very well; wear rubber gloves.
Liver of Sulfur
When heated to decomposition, it can create hydrogen sulfide, a source of brain damage and suffocation. Precautions: do not allow mixture to come to a boil.
Mercury
Damages brain, nervous system and kidneys. Precautions: avoid fumes and skin contact. Ventilate very well and wear protective clothing.
Polyester resins
Skin irritants. Some release toxic fumes when mixed with their binders; some are explosive.
Precautions: wear gloves and ventilate. Store according to directions.
Silver compounds
Absorbed into the skin as vapor or dust, can cause night blindness. Precautions: wear gloves and ventilate well.
Sulfuric acid & Sparex (sodium bisulfate)
Irritates skin and respiratory tract. Damages clothing. Precautions: ventilate. Keep container covered. Neutralize with a solution of baking soda and water.
Tellurium
Fumes generated in refining gold, silver, copper and in welding. Irritates skin and gastrointestinal system. Precautions: ventilate. Early symptom is ‘garlic breath’ and a metallic taste in the mouth. Be alert for this.
Toluene & Toluol
Causes hallucination, possible liver and kidney failure, intoxication, lung, brain and red blood cell damage. Precautions: avoid if possible. Ventilate well - inhalation can cause death.
Turpentine
Skin irritant, brain and lung damage possible. Precautions: ventilate well and Wear gloves. Do not ingest as may be fatal.
Zinc compounds
Dust and fumes attack the central nervous system, skin and lungs. Precautions: ventilate well.
Waste Management Procedures
College policy and procedure complies with federal, state and municipal regulations regarding hazardous waste disposal. These procedures are outlined below. Any questions should be directed to the Director of Facilities.
There are three categories of wastes that require special handling at MECA&D:
Hazardous waste — as defined by Federal and Maine law
Universal waste — as defined by Federal and Maine law
Prohibited wastewater — waste which may not be poured down drains, according to MECA&D’s wastewater discharge permit. Pouring prohibited wastewater down sink drains can result in significant fines and, more importantly, can cause serious injury to workers of the city of Portland’s wastewater treatment plant.
The wastes generated by each department’s routine operations have been identified in the
SEMP and the department’s technician can direct you to proper disposal methods. Occasionally, you may have a waste, which is not addressed by the SEMP. These may be wastes generated by new products or methods or simply leftover product you don’t want to keep. Your department’s technician, and/or the facilities department, can assist you in determining the proper disposal method.
Make every attempt to properly label every container. Improper disposal of a hazardous waste or prohibited wastewater can result in fines, environmental damage, or worse, serious safety consequences.
You are responsible for products you bring to MECA&D. Do not leave any unused products at MECA&D without arranging for their use or disposal. You may give unwanted, but still usable, products directly to another student. You may not abandon products or wastes at MECA&D without permission from your department’s technician or the facilities department.
Additional Safety Considerations:
5th Floor Spray Booth: this facility must be maintained in a clean and uncluttered condition. Rules are posted. Violations will result in the ventilation being shut down until corrections are made. The Departmental EC, the Facilities Director and an environmental firm will conduct periodic inspections.
Violations will be noted and brought to the attention of the individual(s) involved and their department. Recommendations will be provided to help resolve violations. All violations will be considered a serious matter as they potentially affect your health and safety as well as others around you. In addition violations of departmental SEMPS violate federal, state, and local laws and can result in: Financial penalties, Departmental or institution shutdown , and possibly criminal charges based on willful negligence.
